'For the person or persons that hold dominion, can no more combine with the keeping up of majesty the running with harlots drunk or naked about the streets, or the performances of a stage player, or the open violation or contempt of laws passed by themselves than they can combine existence with non-existence'.

- Benedict de Spinoza. Political Treatise. 1677.




Tuesday, September 21, 2010

on certainty 673


673. It is not difficult to distinguish between the case in which I cannot and those in which I can hardly be mistaken? Is it always clear to which a case belongs? I believe not.



if I cannot be mistaken – I am certain

‘hardly mistaken? – hardly certain

hardly certain is? – uncertain

if you are certain –

you are either deluded –

or in the business of deception –

if you are uncertain –

you keep an open mind

Wittgenstein is pretending –

that its hard to draw a distinction here –

the two positions –

are as different as night and day –

and obviously so


© greg t. charlton. 2010.