'For the person or persons that hold dominion, can no more combine with the keeping up of majesty the running with harlots drunk or naked about the streets, or the performances of a stage player, or the open violation or contempt of laws passed by themselves than they can combine existence with non-existence'.

- Benedict de Spinoza. Political Treatise. 1677.




Sunday, May 16, 2010

on certainty 460


460. I go to the doctor, shew him my hand and say “This is a hand, not…; I’ve injured it etc., etc.” Am I only giving him a piece of superfluous information? For example, mightn’t one say: supposing the words “This is a hand” were a piece of information – how could you bank on him understanding this information? Indeed, it is open to doubt ‘whether that is a hand’, why isn’t it open to doubt whether I am a human being who is informing the human being of this? – But on the other hand one can imagine cases – even if they are very rare ones – where the declaration is not superfluous, or is only superfluous but not absurd.



you cannot ‘bank on’ on him understanding –

fair enough to assume that he will –

but here we are talking about assumption –

not certainty – and assumption is uncertain –

it is open to doubt whether this is a hand –

and whether I am a human being informing another human being –

any of these matters can be the subject of doubt –

whether or not they will be –

is uncertain


© greg t. charlton. 2010.